犬尿氨酸途径在认知功能障碍中的作用及机制

The functions and mechanisms of kynurenine pathway in cognitive dysfunction

色氨酸(TRP)是人体的必需氨基酸,是许多信号分子形成的前体。犬尿氨酸途径是TRP代谢的主要途径,在吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶的催化下,形成代谢产物犬尿喹啉酸和喹啉酸,他们通过不同机制作用于N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体,参与神经调节,影响认知过程,在许多中枢神经系统疾病的发生发展中起着重要作用。在生理和病理条件下,犬尿氨酸代谢过程不同,而且在犬尿氨酸代谢途径中有许多限速酶,通过影响这些限速酶可以干预犬尿氨酸代谢。本文就色氨酸/犬尿氨酸代谢与认知障碍之间作一综述。

Tryptophan(TRP)is an essential amino-acid and the precursor of many signaling molecules.Under the catalysis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,kynurenine pathway can form its metabolites uroquinolinic acid and quinolinic acid,which is the main channel of TRP metabolism.Through different mechanisms in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,they participate in nervous modulation,affect cognitive processes and play an important role in many central nervous system diseases development.Kynurenine pathway is different under physiological and pathological conditions.In addition,there are many rate-limiting enzymes in the kynurenine pathway,which can interfere kynurenine pathway.This article reviews the relationship between tryptophan/kynurenine pathway and cognitive dysfunction.