文化遗产数字化成果私权保护:价值、成效及制度调适

On the Systematization of Private Rights Protection of Digital Achievements of Cultural Heritage

《知识产权强国建设纲要》和党的十九大报告中明确指出要加强非物质文化遗产的搜集整理和转化利用,推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展,文化遗产传承和发展由此迎来自我更新的契机。我国对于文化遗产的相关法律保护目前以公法为主,私法保护取得了一定的实践成效,但其法律制度尚不完善。而数字环境下文化遗产及其元素的利用较强地依赖于私权保护,完善的私权保护体系(著作权、商标权、专利权和反不正当竞争法等)有利于更好地传承与发展传统文化。为建构科学合理的私权保护体系,需要调适各法律制度从而为新兴领域的创作者提供保障:就保护文化遗产数字化成果制定商标权特殊规则;针对数字技术,为文化遗产数字化行为调适专利权及商业秘密保护规则;利用反不正当竞争法的兜底优势对文化遗产元素的商品化权进行保护。

The Plan on the Development of Intellectual Property Rights Power and the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly point out the need to strengthen the collection,sorting,transformation and utilization of intangible cultural heritage, and to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture( hereinafter referred to as the " two innovation " policy). Therefore,the inheritance and development of cultural heritage ushered in the opportunity of self-renewal.At present,the relevant legal protection of cultural heritage in China is mainly based on public law,private law protection has achieved some practical results,butthe system of private law protection is not yet perfect. Under the digital environment,the utilization of cultural heritage and its elements strongly depends on private rights protection.A perfect private rights protection system( copyright,trademark right,patent right and Anti-unfair Competition Law)can better inherit and develop traditional culture. It is necessary to adjust the legal systems themselves to provide guarantees for creators in emerging fields,to draw up special rules for trademark rights to protect the digital achievements of cultural heritage, to improve patent rights,adjust trade secrets and protection rules for the digitization of cultural heritage by digital technology,and to protect the " commercialization right" of cultural heritage elements by taking advantage of the Anti-unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China,and construct a scientific and reasonable system of private rights protection.