论国际贸易领域中的“私法行为公法化”

On the Public Legalization of Private Business Acts in International Trade

2017年夏天以来美国在中美贸易之间频频制造摩擦并对中国的相关立法和企业行为发起挑战,其表象是美国政府作出的决定,但实际上背后私人企业是始作俑者;它们所涉及的问题实质是私法行为公法化现象及其理论。历史地看,"私法行为公法化"自近代国际贸易出现之日起,就已经存在,只不过美国政府将其表达的更为直接而已。私法行为公法化意指私人将蕴含营利性的动机、目的等意志的行为通过特定形式变成国家意志的行为或过程,它影响或干预国际贸易,以实现其追求自己利益最大化之目标;通过它,私人部门对国际贸易法律制度的形成和发展产生重要影响,并体现为国际贸易的国内与国际法律规范,进而对后进的国家之国际贸易产生制约。应对中美之间的贸易摩擦不能仅限于政府之间,企业等私人部门的参与也至为重要。

Since the summer of 2017,the United States has created frequent Sino-US trade friction and challenged China’s relevant legislation and corporate behavior. Its appearance is the decision made by the U. S.government,but in fact private enterprises are the initiators behind it;the essence of the problems they involve is the phenomenon and theory of the publicization of private law acts. Historically, " Public Legalization of Private Law Acts" has existed since the emergence of modern international trade,but American government expressed it more directly. Public legalization of private acts means that private acts which contain the motive and purpose of profit-making are transformed into acts or processes of state will through specific forms,which affect or interfere with international trade in order to achieve their goal of maximizing their own interests;through it,the private sector forms and develops the legal system of international trade. It exerts important influence and embodies in the domestic and international legal norms of international trade,and then restricts the international trade of the backward countries.Dealing with trade frictions between China and the United States can not be limited to the government. The participation of private sectors such as enterprises is also very important.