孙毓汶与张荫桓书画鉴藏互动——以《孙莱山遗札》为中心

Sun Yuwen’s Interaction with Zhang Yinhuan on Calligraphy and Painting Appreciation:Focus on Letters from Sun Laishan

光绪朝中期,围绕权臣孙毓汶,形成了由张荫桓等朝中要员构成的京师官员书画鉴藏群体。民国时期,《艺林月刊》所连载的孙毓汶与张荫桓"商榷书画"的五十通书信—《孙莱山遗札》,是研究孙毓汶书画鉴藏活动及观念的重要文献。通过考证系年可知,这批信札写于1895年11月至1896年4月间,因甲午战败而引咎致仕的孙毓汶,居于北京城南丞相胡同,与琉璃厂相距咫尺,过着"开径悬知书画益"的退隐生活。借助孙毓汶与总理衙门大臣张荫桓等人的更唱迭和,可窥身处"数千年未有之变局"的后甲午时代的晚清官员,通过书画鉴藏,不仅达到了舒缓压力,卧游畅神之目的,同时也实现了阐扬朴学,考订经史的学术理想。

During Emperor Guangxu’s reign,capital officials like Zhang Yinhuan formed a group of painting and calligraphy appraisers with the powerful minister Sun Yuwen as core.Letters from Sun Laishan published on Yilin Monthly in the period of the Republic of China consists of 50 letters of Sun Yuwen and Zhang Yinhuan in the subject of appreciating painting and calligraphy works,and is an important document for studying Sun Yuwen’s appreciation activities and concepts.Textual research shows that these letters were written between November 1895 and April 1896 when Sun resigned due to the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War and lived in the south of Beijing.Through the frequent interactions between Sun and Premier Government’s officials like Zhang Yinhuan on art appreciation,we can get a glimpse of Qing officials’state of mind in the post-Jiawu period.Through painting and calligraphy appreciation,they not only relieved themselves from pressure,but also achieved the goal of pursuing an academic career.