从“家庭”走向“社群”——“都市中产全职妈妈”社会参与的路径与价值探析

From “Family” to “Community”:The Significance of Middle-Class Housewives’ Activism in a Chinese City

两百年来的妇女解放道路一直强调妇女要走出家庭、参与生产,但却并未真正回应现代社会养育责任私人化所带来的双重负担问题。本文通过对四川省成都市一个以全职妈妈为主体的志愿者服务队的成立背景、发展路径、积极影响与限制因素的考察,剖析了现代社会城市女性面临的孕产和育儿困境,以及她们如何借助外部环境和资源优势走出私人家庭内部空间,在社区层面上进行支持与互助。这类群体的社会参与和自我成长也为我们反思"家庭—市场"二元悖论下的女性困境及其突破提供了新的可能与方向。

Women’s movements in the past two hundred years have focused on women to step out of households and participate in production and yet have not been able to address the “double burden” brought forth by the privatization of modern-day childrearing responsibilities.Recent changes in population structure and family planning policy in China require us to rethink the complex issues surrounding the rise of so-called group of “housewives”.This article investigates the development of a group of volunteers mainly made up of full-time mothers in the downtown area of Chengdu, Sichuan Province and the positive influences and limitations that this group represent.It analyzes how “urban middle-class full-time mothers” brought their children with them to step out of home and participate in community-based charity and voluntary services.While enriching their experiences, these full-time mothers have also made important and irreplaceable contributions to the community.The experience of this group with community participation has unwrapped a new perspective, proposing a possibility to break away from “family-market” dichotomy and shed light on a new pathway for women’s liberation.