关于主题规范文档建设机制的若干思考--以LCSH为例

Some Thoughts on the Construction Mechanism of Subject Authority File--Taking LCSH as an Example

《美国国会主题标题表》(LCSH)是由美国国会图书馆(LC)制定并负责维护的一套英语主题标引系统,历经一个多世纪的发展,以强大的生命力适应时代的发展变迁,成为世界图书馆主要采用的主题标引与检索工具。LCSH标题数量庞大,结构严谨,应用规则严格,随着主题规范合作项目SACO的开展,以LC为首的越来越多的图书馆参与到LCSH的建设中,并形成了一套相对成熟的建设机制。本文以LCSH长期以来形成的建设机制为切入点,对主题规范文档建设中遇到的包括文档更新、书目更新、名称主题词的归属、建设基础等若干关键问题进行深入思考,并对我国当前主题规范控制工作实践如何借鉴国外有益经验提出思路。

Library of Congress Subject Headings(LCSH)is an English subject indexing system developed and maintained by the Library of Congress(LC).After more than a century of development,it has adapted to the development and changes of the times with strong vitality and has become the main subject indexing and retrieval tool used by libraries in the world.LCSH has a large number of headings with rigorous structure and strict application rules.With the development of the Subject Authority Cooperative Program SACO,more and more libraries led by LC have participated in the construction of LCSH and formed a relatively mature construction mechanism.Taking the construction mechanism formed by LCSH for a long time as the starting point,the paper deeply thinks about some key problems encountered in the construction of subject authority file,including document update,bibliography update,ownership of name headings as subjects,construction foundation and so on,and puts forward ideas on how to learn from useful foreign experience in the current practice of subject authority control in China.