COVID-19疫情下上海市社区居民社会支持、焦虑及睡眠质量关系研究

Study on relationship among social support, anxiety and sleep quality of residents in Shanghai under COVID-19 epidemic

目的了解上海市社区居民在COVID-19疫情期间其社会支持、焦虑及睡眠质量的情况,并分析三者之间的关系。方法采用问卷对居民的社会支持、焦虑以及睡眠质量情况进行调查,问卷选自社会支持评定量表、焦虑自评量表及匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表,调查上海市社区居民在COVID-19疫情下社会支持、焦虑、睡眠质量情况并对其可能的影响因素进行分析,最后拟合结构方程模型,探索三者的关系。结果共回收问卷258份,其中有效问卷237份。结果显示在不同最高学历的居民之间,其睡眠质量(P=0.004)及社会支持(P=0.009)间的差异有统计学意义。结构方程模型拟合指数CFI=0.929,NFI=0.891,IFI=0.930,NNFI=0.907,RMSEA=0.082,χ^(2)/df=2.599,拟合效果良好,其结果表明居民所受社会支持可在一定程度上影响其焦虑程度(r=-0.15),所受社会支持越高,其焦虑程度越低。而焦虑程度可影响睡眠质量(r=0.72),焦虑程度越高,睡眠质量越差。结论 COVID-19疫情期间上海市居民的社会支持与其焦虑程度相关,而焦虑程度与睡眠质量相关,可通过提升居民的社会支持,降低其焦虑程度,从而提高其睡眠质量。

Objective To describe the social support, anxiety, and sleep quality of residents in the District of Shanghai during the COVID-19 and to analyze the to correlation of these factors. Methods A structured questionnaire was used to investigate residents’ social support, anxiety, and sleep quality. The questionnaire consisted of social support rate scale, the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), investigated the social support, anxiety, and sleep quality of residents in the District of Shanghai under the COVID-19 epidemic and analyzed their potential influencing factors. Structural equation model was constructed to understand the relationship among these factors. Results A total of 258 questionnaires were collected, with 237 being eligible for analyzeing. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in sleep quality(P=0.004) and social support(P=0.009) among residents with different highest education levels. The structural equation model-fitting indices were CFI=0.929, NFI=0.891, IFI=0.930, NNFI=0.907, RMSEA=0.082, χ^(2)/df =2.599. It indicated that the fitting degree was good. The results showed that the social support of residents could affect their anxiety degree to some extent(r=-0.15). The higher the social support, the lower the anxiety degree they had. Moreover, the degree of anxiety could affect the sleep quality( r=0.72), and the higher the degree of anxiety, the worse the sleep quality they had. Conclusion During the epidemic of COVID-19, residents’ social support is related to their anxiety level, and the anxiety level is related to their sleep quality. By improving residents’ support, their degree of anxiety could be reduced to improve their sleep quality.