典型重金属污染地区学龄前儿童镉暴露健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of Cadmium exposure on preschool children in a typical heavy metal polluted area

目的评价典型重金属污染地区学龄前儿童镉(Cadmium,Cd)暴露健康风险。方法采集某典型重金属污染地区土壤样本和蔬菜可食用部位并检测其Cd浓度,查阅当地空气、小麦、水稻和水的Cd浓度,通过美国国家环境保护局推荐的健康风险评价模型评价当地学龄前儿童的Cd暴露健康风险,分别采用危险系数(hazard quotient,HQ)和终生增量致癌风险(incremental lifetime cancer risk,ILCR)评估非致癌风险和致癌风险。结果该地区学龄前儿童总的非致癌风险HQ_(总)为4.14,HQ_(经口)为4.10,HQ_(小麦)为2.77,其他途径和介质HQ均<1.00。该地区学龄前儿童总的致癌风险ILCR_(总)为1.54×10^(-3)。各途径中ILCR_(经口)为1.53×10^(-3),各媒介中ILCR_(小麦)>ILCR_(蔬菜)>ILCR_(水稻)>1.00×10^(-4)。结论该典型重金属污染地区学龄前儿童存在Cd暴露的非致癌风险和致癌风险。经口是Cd暴露的主要途径,小麦是非致癌风险的主要贡献者,小麦、蔬菜和水稻是致癌风险的主要贡献者。

Objective To evaluate the health risk of Cadmium(Cd)on preschool children in a typical heavy metal polluted area.Methods We collected soil samples and edible parts of vegetables in a typical heavy metal contaminated area and detect the cadmium concentration,checked the cadmium concentration in the local air,wheat,rice and water,and evaluated the local preschool children’s health through the health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency.For the health risks of cadmium exposure,hazard quotient(HQ)and incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)were used to assess non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks.Results The total non-carcinogenic risk of preschool children in this area was 4.14,the HQ via ingestion and wheat intake were 4.10 and 2.77 respectively,and the others were all less than 1.00.The total carcinogenic risk of preschool children in this area was 1.54×10^(-3).The ILCR via ingestion was 1.53×10^(-3),and that via wheat intake>vegetables intake>rice intake>1.00×10^(-4).Conclusions Preschool children in this typical heavy metal pollution area have non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of cadmium exposure.Oral is the main route of cadmium exposure,wheat is the main contributor to non-carcinogenic risk,and wheat,vegetables and rice are the main contributors to carcinogenic risk.