行政复议调解可诉性的误解及其修正

Misunderstanding of the actionability of administrative reconsideration mediation and its amendment

中国当前的司法实践中存在行政复议调解不可诉的倾向,这种倾向面临行政复议调解定性存疑、导致行政相对人丧失救济途径、造成行政复议调解逃避司法监督等诸多诘难。该误解产生的根源在于法院对于“调解行为不可诉”的司法解释规定存在理解偏差,未能准确区分行政复议调解和调解行为在行为性质、参与主体、适用对象、发生阶段、调解效力等方面的差异。“调解行为不可诉”的理论依据对于行政复议调解并不成立,行政复议调解因满足行政职权标准和权益侵害标准而在理论上具有可诉性。行政复议调解相关诉讼制度可以从诉讼当事人、起诉期限、审查内容、举证责任等方面进行完善。

In the current judicial practice in China,there is a tendency that administrative reconsideration mediation is non-actionable.This tendency faces many challenges,such as the qualitative doubt of administrative reconsideration mediation,the loss of remedy channels for administrative counterparts,and the evasion of administrative reconsideration mediation to judicial supervision.The root cause of this misunderstanding is that the court has misunderstood the judicial interpretation of“mediation is non-actionable”,and fails to accurately distinguish the differences between administrative reconsideration mediation and mediation in terms of the nature of the behavior,the participants,the applicable objects,the stage of occurrence,and the effectiveness of the mediation.The theoretical basis of“non-actionable mediation”is not tenable for administrative reconsideration mediation.Administrative reconsideration mediation is theoretically actionable because it meets the standards of administrative authority and rights infringement.The litigation system related to administrative reconsideration mediation can be improved in terms of litigants,time limit for litigation,content of examination,and burden of proof.