染色体外环形DNA研究进展及其在畜禽育种中的应用

Advances in Extrachromosomal Circular DNA and Their Application in Domestic Animal Breeding

染色体外环形DNA(extrachromosomal circular DNA,eccDNA)指来源于基因组DNA并游离于染色体之外的双链环状DNA分子,它在真核生物中普遍存在。eccDNA在数目、序列长度和基因组来源上存在很大差异,其功能也不尽相同,包括端粒可变延长、rDNA拷贝数维持、衰老、耐药性和肿瘤发生等,eccDNA与畜禽表型相关性已有报道。本文综述了eccDNA的分类、产生机制、功能研究和鉴定方法等,并就eccDNA在动物育种中的应用进行阐述。

Extrachromosomal circular DNA(eccDNA),exiting as double-stranded circular DNA,arise from and are outside of chromosome.They are common in eukaryote,but have strong heterogeneity in count,length,origin,which lead to functional diversity,including telomere prolonging,rDNA copy number maintenance,aging,drug resistance,tumorigenesis.The associations between eccDNA and domestic animal phenotypes have been reported as well.Here,we review the current knowledge related to eccDNA classification,biogenesis,functions,and identification,and discuss some possible future directions of eccDNA applications in animal breeding.