胡安国的“尊君强本”政治伦理思想

On Hu Anguo’s Political and Ethical Thought of “Respecting the King and Strengthening the Foundation”

胡安国的政治伦理思想集中体现在其所著《春秋传》中,而《春秋传》的核心思想主要是"尊君强本"。由此可见,胡安国的政治伦理思想核心在于"尊君强本"。这是由胡安国早年求学太学,得《春秋》之旨和理学之义,而后基于其对"义利""常变"的理解催生而来。胡安国解"元"为"理",解"理"为"心",并主张"尽心成性",为"尊君强本"的政治伦理思想奠定了哲学基础。其"尊君强本"思想包括三层最基本的内涵:贵德贱利、尊君抑臣和尊华攘夷。其中,"贵德贱利"为"尊王抑臣""尊华攘夷"之总纲,核心在于"贵德";"尊君抑臣"为内政之方,目的在于"尊君";"尊华攘夷"为处理外事之准则,核心为"尊华"。胡安国的"尊君强本"思想奠定了湖湘学政治伦理思想的基调。

The political ethics thought of Hu Anguo is mainly embodied in his Spring and Autumn Annals, and the core thought of the Spring and Autumn Annals is mainly reflected in the thought of"respecting the king and strengthening the foundation". It can be seen that the core of Hu Anguo’s political ethics thought is"respecting the king and strengthening the foundation". This was born out of Hu Anguo’s early study of Imperial College, which obtained the meaning both of Spring and Autumn and Neo Confucianism, and then based on his understanding of"righteousness or benefit"and"routine or change". Hu Anguo interpreted"Yuan"as"Li", and"Li"as"Heart", and advocated"dedication to nature", which laid a philosophical foundation for the political and ethical thought of"respecting the king and strengthening the foundation". The concept of"respecting the king and strengthening the foundation"includes three basic connotations: respecting morality and contempting profits, respecting the king and limiting officials, and respecting Han culture and excluding people in marginal areas of Han culture. Among them,"respecting morality and contempting profits"is the general outline of the others, and its core lies in"respecting morality"."Respecting the king and limiting officials" is the method of internal affairs, and the purpose is to"respect the monarch";"respecting Han culture and excluding people in marginal areas of Han culture"is the criterion for handling foreign affairs, and the core is"respecting Han culture". Hu Anguo’s thought of"respecting the monarch and strengthening the foundation"has laid the basics of the political and ethical thought of the Confucianism of Hunan.