农民工职业选择影响因素及其代际差异的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of Migrant Workers’ Career Choice and Their Intergenerational Differences

通过建立无序logit模型,对农民工职业选择的影响因素进行系统考察,探究各影响因素在新生代和老生代农民工职业选择作用上的差异,具有一定的理论与实践意义。研究结果表明:年龄对农民工的职业选择呈"倒U型"影响;男性在就业市场更受青睐;婚姻状态、教育年限、健康状况、工作经验、本次流动时间、家庭收支比和子女数量的正向变动都会促进农民工进入劳动力市场以寻求稳定就业,但它们对农民工在具体职业的选择影响上则存在差异。此外,农民工职业选择影响因素的代际差异主要体现在受教育水平、本次流动时间以及子女数量上。可以从加强职业技能培训、完善就业制度、构建社交网络和扩大公共服务范围等多方面入手,不断完善城乡劳动力市场,促进农民工的职业选择优化。

Through the establishment of multinomial logistic regression model, this paper systematically investigates the influencing factors of migrant workers’ career choice, and further explores the differences of influencing factors in the new generation and the old generation of migrant workers’ career choice, which has important theoretical and practical significance. The regression results show that age has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the career choice of migrant workers. And men are more popular in the job market. Marital status, education, age, health status, work experience, household income to expenditure ratio and number of children will promote the migrant workers to enter the labor market for stable employment, but there are differences in the choice of specific professional. In addition, the intergenerational difference of influencing factors of migrant workers’ career choice is mainly reflected in the number of years of education, the time of current migration and the number of children. We can strengthen vocational skills training, improve employment system, build social network and improve medical security system, and continue to improve the urban and rural labor market to promote the optimization of migrant workers’ career choice.