甘蓝型油菜种子胎萌发生的影响因子研究

Influencing factors of the vivipary occurrence of rapeseed

以黄籽油菜‘410’‘456’‘552’和黑籽油菜‘492’为试验材料,采用花期标记、定期采样、形态和生理分析等方法,研究了种子胎萌发生时期、环境对胎萌的影响以及胎萌与种子的形态和相关生理指标的关系。结果表明:4个甘蓝型油菜品种种子胎萌发生在种胚充实阶段(花后27~36 d左右),初始胎萌率为2.44%~3.90%,胎萌发生时期越早的品种的胎萌率越高;种子千粒质量与胎萌率呈显著或极显著正相关(r为0.84~0.97),含水量与胎萌率呈极显著负相关(r为–0.93~–0.98);种胚充实初期高温高湿的外部环境、较薄的种皮及相对较高的脂肪酶活性、可溶性糖含量、呼吸强度均易导致种子胎萌的发生,而种子电导率、总糖含量与胎萌率的相关性不显著。

To explore the influencing factors of vivipary occurrence of Brassica napus L.,yellow seed varieties‘410’‘456’‘552’and black seed variety‘492’were used to study vivipary occurring stage,the effects of environment on vivipary and the relationship between the vivipary and the morphological and related physiological indexes of seed,by means of flowering stage marking,periodic sampling,morphological and physiological analysis.The results showed that the vivipary of four varieties occured mainly in embryo enrichment stage(27-36 d after flowering),and the initial vivipary percentage was 2.44%-3.90%,and the earlier vivipary occurred,the higher vivipary rate obtained.The thousand grain weight of seeds was significantly or significantly positively correlated with the vivipary percentage(r=0.84-0.97),and the moisture content was significantly negatively correlated with the vivipary percentage(r=–0.93-–0.98).External environment with high temperature and high humidity,the thin seed coat and relatively high lipase activity,soluble sugar content and respiratory intensity under enrichment stage of seed embryo were favorable for occurrence of seed vivipary.While there was no significant correlation between the electrical conductivity of seeds,total sugar content and the vivipary percentage.