冠突散囊菌及其发酵应用研究进展

Research Progress on Eurotium cristatum and Its Fermentation Application

茯砖茶在加工过程中会“发花”,产生金黄色颗粒,而冠突散囊菌是茯砖茶“发花”的关键微生物,对茶的品质起关键作用。冠突散囊菌发酵可促进茶叶内含成分转化,改善产品香气滋味,且产生多种活性代谢物,具有抑菌、降血糖、调节肠道菌群、抗氧化等功效,已经成为重要的资源微生物得到广泛应用。本文综述了冠突散囊菌的基本生物学特性,丰富的酶系,多样的活性代谢物,安全性,以及在茶叶、谷豆类及中药材深加工等领域发酵应用的物质和生物活性变化等内容,并对存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了分析和展望,以期为其深入研究和开发提供帮助。

Eurotium cristatum which produces golden particles,is the dominant fungus playing a key role in the“flowering”process and in the quality of Fu-brick tea.It can produce a variety of active enzymes and active metabolites,which have multiple biological effects,such as improving the quality of tea,antibacterial,hypoglycemic,regulating intestinal flora,antioxidant and other effects.As an important resource microorganism,Eurotium cristatum has been widely used.In this paper,the basic biological characteristics,rich enzyme system,diverse active metabolites,safety of Eurotium cristatum,as well as the changes of substances and biological activities in the processing of tea,beans,cereals,and Chinese herbs by Eurotium cristatum fermentation are reviewed.The existing problems and future research directions are analyzed and prospected,in order to provide reference for its in-depth research and development.