亚临界水提取植物源生物活性物质的研究进展

Research Progress in Subcritical Water Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Plants

植物源生物活性物质如多酚、多糖等,因具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤等特性在功能性和保健食品中发挥着重要作用。多糖、多酚类物质通过氢键、疏水键等非共价键与蛋白质、脂质等物质在植物组织中紧密结合。如何利用绿色高效的方法从植物组织中提取生物活性成分已成为食品行业的研究热点。亚临界水不仅与有机溶剂溶解生物活性物质的能力接近,能削弱多糖、多酚与其他物质间的紧密结合,而且具有无毒、无污染、无溶剂残留的特点,可广泛用于生物活性物质的提取。本文介绍了亚临界水提取技术的特点和影响因素,其中重点综述了亚临界水提取植物源生物活性物质的效果及机理,以及其与物理技术(如微波、超声、强脉冲光)联用的优势。这为生物活性物质的高效制备提供技术支持,也为亚临界水技术在食品中应用提供理论依据和参考。

Plant derived bioactive substances such as polyphenols and polysaccharides play an important role in functional and health food because of their antioxidant and anti-tumor properties.Polysaccharides and polyphenols are closely linked with proteins and lipids through non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bond and water release bond.How to extract bioactive components from plant tissue by green and efficient method has become a hot research topic in food industry.Subcritical water is not only close to the ability of organic solvents to dissolve bioactive substances,but also can weaken the close combination between polysaccharides,polyphenols and other substances.It has the characteristics of non-toxic,pollution-free,solvent-free residue,and can be widely used in the extraction of bioactive substances.In this paper,the characteristics and influencing factors of subcritical water extraction technology are introduced,especially the effect and mechanism of subcritical water extraction of bioactive substances from plants,and the advantages of its combination with physical technology(such as microwave,ultrasound,intense pulsed light).This provides technical support for the efficient preparation of bioactive substances,and also provides theoretical basis and reference for the application of subcritical water technology in food.