基于信誉管理模型的矿工类型鉴别机制设计

Design of miner type identification mechanism based on reputation management model

在公开矿池中,矿工可以随意进入矿池提交工作量证明从而获得奖励,矿工的条件约束类型不同。因此,会出现恶意矿工提交无效工作量和矿工在矿池中不提交工作量的情况,占用矿池的验证计算资源,降低矿池的验证效率,导致矿池系统崩溃。针对矿池中难以分辨矿工类型而导致矿池系统崩溃的问题,引入信誉管理机制对矿工的行为进行衡量,部署合约防止矿工与矿池管理者合谋,提出一种基于信誉管理模型的矿工类型鉴别机制设计。构造信誉机制对矿工的行为进行衡量,当矿工进行恶意行为时,会调低矿工的信誉值。当矿工的信誉值小于矿池的信誉阈值时,系统会剔除该矿工,从而该矿工不能再进入矿池提交工作量证明,获得奖励。根据马尔可夫过程中的矿工行为状态转移,对矿池中的矿工进行动态更新,从而使得矿池中的矿工都在进行诚实的行为,提交工作量证明。同时,设计一种奖励制度对矿池中的矿工进行激励,在矿池中部署智能合约,防止矿工与矿池管理者进行共谋。从安全性和性能上对方案进行分析,证明所提方案不仅在矿工提交工作量证明过程中是安全的,并且解决了在公开矿池中矿工类型的鉴别问题,从而解决恶意矿工提交无效工作量的问题,剔除恶意矿工,避免矿池验证无效工作量,提高矿池的验证效率。

In the public mining pool,miners can freely enter the mining pool to submit proof of work to obtain rewards,and there are no conditions to restrict different types of miners.There will be malicious miners submitting invalid workloads and miners not submitting workloads in the mining pool,occupying the verification computing resources of the mining pool,reducing the verification efficiency of the mining pool,and causing the mining pool system to collapse.Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to distinguish the type of miners in the mining pool,which leads to the collapse of the mining pool system,a reputation management mechanism was introduced to measure the behavior of miners,and contracts were deployed to prevent miners from colluding with the pool manager.A design of miner type identification mechanism based on reputation management model was proposed.A reputation mechanism was constructed to measure the behavior of miners.When a miner conducts malicious behavior,the miner's reputation value would be lowered.When the miner's reputation value was less than the reputation threshold of the mining pool,the system would remove the miner,so that the miner can no longer enter the mining pool to submit proof of work and get rewards.The miners in the mining pool were dynamically updated by Markov process,so that the miners in the mining pool were conducting honest behaviors and submitting proof of work.At the same time,a reward system was designed to motivate the miners in the mining pool,and smart contracts were deployed in the mining pool to prevent miners from collusion with the mining pool manager.Finally,analyzing the scheme from the perspective of security and performance,the proposed scheme was not only safe in the process of miners submitting proof of workload,but also solved the problem of identifying miner types in public mining pools,thereby solving the problem of malicious miners submitting invalid workloads,eliminating malicious miners,and avoiding mining pools verifying invalid workloads,to improve the verification efficiency of the mining pool.