印度高等教育改革的动因、举措和争论--基于对《国家教育政策2020》的分析

Motivations,Measures,and Controversiesin Indian Higher Education Reform:An Analysis on National Education Policy 2020

为了应对知识经济的挑战、服务国家发展战略和解决高等教育发展的现实困境,印度政府颁布了《国家教育政策2020》,着手对各级各类教育进行改革。其高等教育改革的主要举措包括改革高等教育制度、开展综合性教育、为学生提供多方位支持、推动教师队伍建设、促进公平包容、催化科学研究、改革治理机制等。由于该政策牵涉甚广,各利益群体就制定过程是否有代表性,政策内容是否加剧了市场化、损害了社会公平,是否加剧了中央集权、损害了学术自由以及政策可行性等方面存在着广泛的争论。

Facing the challenge of knowledge economy,to serve the national development strategy and to solve the realistic predicament of the development of higher education,the Indian government promulgated the National Education Policy 2020 and began to reform itshigher education.The measures include institutionalrestructuringand consolidation,holisticmultidisciplinary education,optimal learning environment and support for students,promotion of faculty development,promotion of equity and inclusion,catalyzing quality academic research,effective governance and leadership and so on.Due to the wide scope of the policy,there are a lot of debatesover the process of policy-making,contents and values of policy,as well as itsfeasibility policy and whether the content of the policy increases marketization and harms social equity,whether it increases centralization and harms academic freedom.