江苏石松类和蕨类植物多样性及生物地理学特征分析

Diversity and Biogeographical Analysis of Lycophytes and Ferns in Jiangsu Province,China

通过野外调查和资料收集,根据PPG I(Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I)分类系统建立江苏石松类和蕨类植物名录,江苏石松类和蕨类植物共有30科66属184种(包括亚种、变种、变型),其中野生植物27科61属176种,栽培植物6科7属8种。该区的蕨类植物优势科为鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)(41种)、凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)(17种)、金星蕨科(Thelypteridaceae)(17种)和蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)(16种);优势属为鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris)(26种)、铁角蕨属(Asplenium)(15种)、卷柏属(Selaginella)(8种)和耳蕨属(Polystichum)(8种)。科和属的地理成分分别有6和10种类型,均以泛热带分布为主;种的地理分布有11种类型,以东亚分布和中国特有分布为主。该区的蕨类植物生态类型有5类,以土生为主。与邻近省份(浙江、安徽和山东)科、属、种的相似性系数分析结果表明,该区石松类和蕨类植物区系与安徽的区系关系最近,其余依次为浙江和山东。江苏石松类和蕨类植物较为丰富,优势科属明显,区系地理成分复杂,区系属于温带性质。建议加强对该区分布的濒危石松类和蕨类植物的保护。

Field survey and literature searching were conducted to develop a species list of lycophytes and ferns in Jiangsu Province,China.A total of 184 species(including subspecies,varieties,forms)belonging to 66 genera and 30 families were found,of which 176 species of 61 genera from 27 families were wild plants and 8 species of 7 genera from 6 families were cultivated.The dominant families were Dryopteridaceae(41 species),Pteridaceae(17),Thelypteridaceae(17),Athyriaceae(16);dominant genera were Dryopteris(26),Asplenium(15),Selaginella(8),Polystichum(8).The geographical components of families and genera included 6 and 10 categories,respectively,and both were dominated by pan-tropical elements.Moreover,the geographical components of species included 11 categories,in which East Asian and endemic to China predominated.In addition,the total number of species can be grouped into 5 distribution types,in which the terrestrial ecological group was the most dominant.According to floristic similarities at the level of family,genus,and species,Jiangsu flora was most closely allied to that of Anhui Province,but was less closely allied with that of Zhejiang Province,and distinct from that of Shandong Province.In summary,Jiangsu is relatively rich in lycophytes and ferns,with distinct dominant families and genera,complex floristic elements,and temperate floristic nature in the flora.It is suggested to promote conservation of the endangered lycophytes and ferns in Jiangsu Province.