宁夏六盘山国家级自然保护区林下鸟兽多样性调查

A Survey of Mammal and Bird Diversity Using Camera-trapping in Liupanshan National Nature Reserve in Ningxia

于2017年7月—2019年10月,利用红外相机技术对宁夏泾源县六盘山国家级自然保护区的鸟兽资源进行了调查。布设的60台红外相机在47 460个相机工作日内拍摄到56 901张有效拍摄照片和2 883段视频。其中兽类有效拍摄照片41 710张、视频1 733段,记录到隶属于5目11科19种的野生兽类和4种家畜,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物2种,Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物6种。食肉目和偶蹄目是本次调查兽类记录中有效拍摄照片数(9 922张和25 114张)最多的2个类群,分别占兽类有效拍摄照片数的23.78%和60.19%。食肉目中相对多度指数(RAI)最高的物种是猪獾(Arctonyx collaris,RAI为5.008),偶蹄目中最高的物种是野猪(Sus scrofa,RAI为7.206)。拍摄到鸟类有效拍摄照片12 861张、视频964段,鉴定出6目15科53种鸟,其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物8种。鸡形目雉科鸟类是有效拍摄照片数(6 190张)最高的类群,占全部鸟类拍摄数的48.08%。调查记录到宁夏回族自治区鸟类新记录2种:斑背噪鹛(Garrulax lunulatus)和灰翅鸫(Turdus boulboul);宁夏兽类新记录2种:小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)和中国豪猪(Hystrix hodgsoni);六盘山保护区兽类新记录2种:黄喉貂(Mustela flavigula)和中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)。调查结果较为全面地反映了保护区内大中型兽类和林下鸟类的本底信息,为保护区制定相应的管理规划和今后进行长期监测提供了基础资料。

From July 2017 to October 2019, an inventory survey of large mammals and birds was conducted in Liupanshan National Nature Reserve in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region using camera-trapping. In total, 56 901 photographs and 2 883 videos were obtained with an intensive survey effort of 47 460 camera-days from 60 locations. 19 wild and 4 domestic species belonging to 11 families and 5 orders were identified from 41 710 photographs and 1 733 videos of mammals. Among the detected mammal species, 2 species were listed as Class Ⅰ state key protected wild animals in China and 3 were listed as Class Ⅱ. Carnivora and Artiodactyla were the 2 mammalian orders with the largest number of effective photos(9 922 and 25 114) and accounted for 23.78% and 60.19% of the total number of detections, respectively. The species with the highest relative abundance index in the Carnivora order was the pig badger(Arctonyx collaris, 5.008), and the most frequently observed species in the cloven-hoofed order was the wild boar(Sus scrofa, 7.206). 12 861 photographs and 964 videos of birds were recorded, including 53 species belonging to 15 families and 6 orders, among which 3 species were listed as Class Ⅱ state key protected wild animals in China. Phasianidae was the most frequently detected Galliformes and accounted for 48.08% of total bird detections. Of the observed species, Cinclidium leucurum, Garrulax lunulatus, Muntiacus reevesi, and Hystrix brachyura had not previously been recorded in Ningxia(including Liupanshan National Nature Reserve), and Martes flavigula and Naemorhedus griseus had not previously been recorded in Liupanshan Reserve. These new observations expanded the distribution range of these species in China. Thus, these discoveries have enriched current distribution information of these species. The research results provide comprehensive baseline data regarding the large mammal and bird community within Liupanshan, which will support and guide future management and long-term monitoring of Liupanshan Reserve.