南宁市中小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎认知及行为状况调查

Survey of COVID-19 cognition and behavior among primary and middle school students in Nanning City

目的了解南宁市中小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)的认知和行为状况,为有针对性开展疫情防控健康教育提供借鉴和参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对4 996名中小学生新冠肺炎认知和行为现况进行问卷调查。结果学生对新冠肺炎病原体知晓率为81.44%,传播途径认知上,呼吸道传播、密切接触传播、气溶胶传播的知晓率分别为85.41%,74.94%,19.80%,同时知道呼吸道飞沫传播和密切接触传播的为74.94%。男生、高中生、城市学生到人群密集的地方佩戴口罩行为高于其他学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.283,χ^(2)=43.741,χ^(2)=134.186,P<0.001);女生、小学生、城市学生、不住校生知道根据情况选择口罩类型高于其他学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.695,χ^(2)=76.709,χ^(2)=290.351,χ^(2)=64.930,P<0.001);男生、高中生、城市生知道如何判断口罩内外侧高于其他学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.444,χ^(2)=72.842,χ^(2)=262.775,P<0.001);女生、高中生知道判断口罩上下高于其他学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.846,χ^(2)=30.156,P<0.001)。女生、小学生、城市生、不住校生,饭前便后、外出回家(或宿舍)后、触摸宠物后洗手比例高于其他学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=62.679,χ^(2)=220.444,χ^(2)=63.414,χ^(2)=88.927,χ^(2)=64.005,χ^(2)=458.241,χ^(2)=71.673,χ^(2)=240.843,χ^(2)=81.308,χ^(2)=244.906,χ^(2)=30.040,χ^(2)=83.407,P<0.001)。不同性别、年级、地区的其他健康行为,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=112.451,χ^(2)=622.464,χ^(2)=106.098,χ^(2)=38.323,χ^(2)=818.480,χ^(2)=41.440,χ^(2)=116.741,P<0.001)。结论健康教育应进一步加强,应加强宣传新冠肺炎病原体和传播途径知识以及口罩的选择、洗手防护行为、正确痰液处置、呼吸礼仪等核心信息。

Objective To understand the cognitive and behavioral status of COVID-19 among primary and middle school students in Nanning City,so as to provide the reference for targeted health education on epidemic prevention and control.Methods A total of 4 996 primary and middle school students were selected by using the stratified cluster random sampling method and investigated with a questionnaire for the cognitive and behavioral status of COVID-19.Results The awareness rate of COVID-19 pathogens was 81.44%.About the cognition of transmission routes,the awareness rates of respiratory tract transmission,close contact transmission,and aerosol transmission were 85.41%,74.94%,and 19.80% respectively,and at the same time,74.94% of the students knew the respiratory droplet transmission and close contact transmission.The boys,senior high school students and urban students wore masks in crowded places more than other students,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)= 11.283,43.741,134.186,all P <0.001).The numbers of female students,primary school students,urban students and non-resident students who knew the choice of mask types were higher than the numbers of other students according to the situation,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)= 36.695,76.709,290.351,64.930,all P <0.001).The numbers of boys,senior high school students,and urban students who knew how to judge the inner and outer sides of masks were higher than the numbers of other students,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=20.444,72.842,262.775,all P <0.001).The numbers of girls and senior high school students who knew the upper and lower masks were higher than the numbers of other students,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=26.846,30.156,both P <0.001).The proportions of girls,primary school students,urban students and non-resident students washing their hands before and after meals,after going out to go home(or dormitory),and after touching pets were higher than those of other students,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=62.679,220.444,63.414,88.927,64.005,458.241,71.673,240.843,81.308,244.906,30.040,83.407,all P <0.001).There were significant differences in other health behaviors among the different gender,grade and region students(χ^(2)=112.451,622.464,106.098,38.323,818.480,41.440,116.741,all P <0.001).Conclusion The health education should be further strengthened,including the core information,such as the knowledge of COVID-19 pathogens and transmission routes,the choice of masks,hand washing,protective behavior,proper sputum disposal,and respiratory etiquette.