我国不同类型非外语类高校外语教育情况考察

A Survey on Foreign Language Education at Different Types of Non-foreign-language Universities in China

大学外语教育是高等教育的重要组成部分,但现有研究对我国不同类型非外语类高校外语教育情况的考察相对不足。鉴于此,本研究以678所非外语类高校为研究对象,将其细分为“985工程”高校、“211工程”高校和一般高校,从专业、学位点和教师三个维度对其外语教育现状进行考察。研究发现:1)96.0%的非外语类高校开设了外语本科专业,“985工程”高校和“211工程”高校校均开设数量显著多于一般高校。就专业开设率而言,英语专业最高,日语、商务英语、翻译、俄语、法语、德语等专业也相对较高。2)外国语言文学博士学位点数量总体偏少,且主要集中于“985工程”高校和“211工程”高校,但三类高校在校均博士生导师数量上不存在显著差异;近一半的高校拥有外国语言文学硕士学位点,“985工程”高校和“211工程”高校拥有外国语言文学硕士学位点高校占比显著高于一般高校,且三类高校在校均硕士生导师数量上存在显著差异。3)高学历、高职称外语教师总体占比不高,“985工程”高校和“211工程”高校的情况好于一般高校。研究结果对外语专业发展和外语教育政策制定具有一定的启示意义。

Foreign language education functions as an essential part of China’s higher education,but related empirical research is still quite rare to reveal how it differs at different types of non-foreign-language universities.This paper explores foreign language education at different types of non-foreign-language universities from the perspectives of foreign-language-related BA,MA as well as PhD programs,and foreign language teachers.It is found that:1)96.0 percent of the universities offer foreign-language-related BA programs,with universities in 985-and 211-projects(state key universities for short)offering significantly more programs than the other universities.English is the most popular foreign-language-related BA program in China,others being Japanese,Business English,Translation,Russian,French,and German.2)Foreign-language-related PhD programs are mainly offered by state key universities,though the numbers of PhD supervisors do not differ greatly in different types of universities.In comparison,foreign-language-related MA programs are more evenly distributed between state key universities and the other universities,and the numbers of MA supervisors also differ significantly in different types of universities.3)Only a small proportion of foreign language teachers are entitled as professors,and the percentage of those who have gained their doctoral degrees is also very low,though the conditions in state key universities are much better than the other universities.This study could shed some light on the development of foreign language programs and on policy-making in foreign language education.