电子商务平台个人信息民事管辖问题研究——基于2018—2020案件实证剖析

A Study of Civil Jurisdiction over Personal Information in the E-Commerce Platform:Empirical Research into the Cases from 2018 to 2020

2018—2020年涉及电子商务平台个人信息泄露的民事管辖裁定显示,法院对该问题的认定两极化,结果分歧较大、同案不同判已成突出问题,严重打击个人信息主体的维权积极性。本研究通过实证方法剖析管辖分歧的根源,发现其来源于三个法律争议:平台用户协议能否构成关于个人信息的有效合同,如何解读宽泛约定管辖条款的涵盖范围,以及出现侵权、约定管辖竞合时的优先适用顺序问题。分析最高人民法院类案可以发现,最高法倾向于认可平台服务协议及约定管辖条款的效力,但对约定管辖的适用范围解读持限缩谨慎的态度。因此,涉及平台个人信息的管辖裁判,应当在深入厘清争议焦点的基础上,立足于用户协议、管辖条款本身,防止一刀切式的否定或适用。

As revealed from the rulings of civil jurisdiction over the disclosure of personal information in the e-commerce platforms from 2018 to 2020,the identification of this issue by the court goes to two extremes,the results are divergent,and there even exist the different verdicts for the same cases.All these have seriously hindered the subjects of personal information from safeguarding their rights.Through the empirical research,it shows that the jurisdictional inconsistencies originate from three legal disputes:whether the user agreement in the platform constitute the valid contract about personal information,how the scope involved in the generally agreed jurisdictional clauses can be interpreted,and what is the order of priority application in case of infringement and agreed concurrent jurisdiction.According to the cases from the Supreme People’s Court,it is inclined to acknowledge the enforceability of the service agreements in the platforms and agreed jurisdictional clauses,and remain limited and cautious towards the interpretation of the applicable scope of agreed jurisdiction.Therefore,when it comes to the rulings of jurisdiction over personal information in the platforms,it is supposed to discern the core issues of disputes thoroughly,focus on the user agreements and jurisdictional clauses themselves,and prevent the uniform negation or application.