悲剧意识与杜甫卜居创作的思想蕴涵

Tragic Consciousness and Ideological Connotations of Du Fu’s Creation of Buju

悲剧意识是人对现实悲剧性的理性把握,在暴露困境的同时又加以弥合,最终指向正面价值的建构。《楚辞·卜居》开启了士人借卜居寄托情志、表现悲剧意识的文学传统。杜甫自华州弃官而流离陇蜀,在悲世与藏身的主题上兴起强烈的悲剧意识,草堂以幽僻之地、懒拙之人、诗酒之乐等鲜明特征安顿其漂泊生命,成为消释现实悲剧感的诗意象征。缘于"国身通一"的仁者精神,杜甫并不能安居草堂彻底解决其精神生命的最终安顿,而以"一世之羁人"的形象,在穷愁漂泊的悲剧命运中展现出士人造次颠沛不违仁的悲剧精神。士人"游"与"居"的生存悖论,应该成为我们理解中国文化悲剧意识的重要窗口。

Tragic consciousness reveals the man’s rational treatment of tragic reality.While exposing the dilemma,it bridges that gap,which ultimately leads to the construction of a positive value.Buju in Chuici initiates the literary tradition in which the scholars express their emotions and represent their tragic consciousness.Since his resignation in Huazhou and wander in Sichuan,Du Fu had expressed his strong tragic consciousness in the poetic themes of life weariness and seclusion.Featuring the remote place,the clumsy person and the poetic and alcoholic joy,the thatched cottage in Chengdu offered a place for his wandering life,which became a poetic symbol for dispelling the sense of realistic tragedy.However,Du Fu could neither live a peaceful life in the cottage nor resolve the ultimate rest of his spiritual life due to the benevolent spirit of the unity of nation and individuals.In this regard,his image,as a wanderer in the life,exhibits the scholar’s tragic spirit with upheaval setbacks and no betrayal against benevolence in the destitute and vagrant destiny of tragedy.The living paradox for the scholars’wander and residence should be an important window to understand tragic consciousness in Chinese culture.