道德与市场纠葛中的乡村转型——从《鲁班的子孙》到《腊月·正月》

Rural Transformation in the Entanglement of Morality and Market:From The Descendants of Luban to December and January

王润滋的《鲁班的子孙》与贾平凹的《腊月·正月》都呈现了"老年"和"青年"的冲突,但是二者在叙事逻辑上却完全不同。王润滋的《鲁班的子孙》借展现作为经济人的青年农民小木匠与代表乡村传统秩序的老木匠的冲突,讨论了传统伦理道德与市场逻辑能否并行不悖这一问题,这也是20世纪80年代必须面对的难题。贾平凹的《腊月·正月》发表于王润滋《鲁班的子孙》之后,小说通过青年王才与老年韩玄子的冲突,使我们看到王润滋所担心的难题不复存在。"市场逻辑""发展主义"在文本内部得到逐步无意识的确立,这种"纳入"和"确立"一定程度上是以破坏乡村的传统秩序为代价的。

Both The Descendants of Luban(Luban de sunzi)by Wang Runzi and December and January(Layue Zhengyue)by Jia Pingwa present the conflicts between the elderly and the young while they are completely different in the narrative logic.Through displaying the conflict between the young peasant carpenter as an economic man and the old carpenter representing the traditional order of the village,The Descendants of Luban discusses whether traditional ethics and market logic can go hand in hand.In fact,this is also a dilemma to be faced in the1980 s.However,Jia Pingwa’s December and January published after Wang Runzi’s The Descendants of Luban shows that the dilemma Wang Runzi is concerned about no longer exists through the conflict between the young Wang Cai and the old Han Xuanzi.Therefore,“market logic”and“developmentalism”has been established within the text in a gradual and unconscious way,and this kind of“incorporation”and“establishment”is partly achieved at the expense of destroying the traditional rural order though.