基于Andersen模型的农村老年人医养结合机构养老需求分析

Study on the Needs of Rural Elderly for Medical-pension Combined Institution based on Andersen Model

目的了解农村老年人医养结合机构养老需求情况。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷对河北省L县进行调研。共发放问卷495份,有效回收问卷454份(91.72%)。结果454名农村老年人中160人(35.2%)有医养结合机构养老需求。单因素分析显示,文化程度、职业、居住方式等14项因素对农村老年人医养结合机构养老需求有影响(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,文化程度、职业、居住方式、子女数、家庭月收入、到卫生院距离、健康状况自评、生活满意度、孤独程度、医养结合赞成程度、对医养结合机构了解程度是影响农村老年人医养结合机构养老需求的显著因素(P<0.05)。结论农村老年人对医养结合机构养老需求较低,与多种因素相关。应客观了解需求情况,加强医养结合的宣传,建立多档次的医养结合养老机构,满足不同情况老年人的养老需求。

Objective To understand the needs and influencing factors of medical-pension combined institution for the aged in rural areas.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate L county in Hebei pro-vince.A total of 495 questionnaires were sent out,and 454(91.72%)were effectively recovered.Results Among the 454 rural elderly,160(35.2%)had the need of medical-nursing combined institution.Univariate analysis showed 14 factors such as education level,occupation and living style.Multivariate analysis showed that education level,occupation,living style,number of children,family income,distance to the hospital,he self-rated health status,life satisfaction,loneliness,the degree of approval for the combination of medical and nursing care,understanding of medical-nursing combined were influencing factors(P<0.05).Conclusion The elderly in rural areas have a low demand for the medical-pension combined institution.We should understand the needs objectively,strengthen the propaganda of the medical-nursing combined,build multi-levels institutions to meet the needs of the elderly in different situations.