毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》原始口述版考察

An Investigation of the Original Oral Version of Mao Zedong’s“Speech at Yan’an Literature and Art Symposium”

毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》作为延安时期马克思主义文艺理论的经典文本,从口头演讲转化为书面文本先后经历了多次修改,形成了多个不同版本。但在其版本研究中,研究者普遍忽略了对《讲话》原始口述版的探究。通过对相关文献及亲历座谈会的作家日记、回忆记述进行梳理可以发现,毛泽东原始口述版《讲话》“引言”提请参会者讨论的应为六个问题,而非公开发表时的五个问题,其内容并不局限于单纯的文艺问题,而是将文艺问题置于延安时期陕甘宁边区特定的政治、军事、经济语境中去考量,并与参会者进行轻松和谐的现场互动。“结论”虽不及公开发表时语言严谨、逻辑严密,却颇为生动风趣,现场感极强。《讲话》由口头演讲转化为公开发表的文字文本,不仅意味着语言形态、意涵的变化,历史现场的变动,而且也呈现了毛泽东文艺思想的动态发展轨迹。考察原始口述版《讲话》,有助于完整呈现延安文艺座谈会的历史实况。

Mao Zedong’s“Speech at Yan’an Literature and Art Symposium”is a classic text of Marxist literature and art theory in Yan’an period.Transformed from oral speech into a written text,with many times revisions,it has formed several different versions.But in the study of the different versions,researchers have ignored the study of the original oral version of“Speech”.Through the literature of the Yan’an Period and the writers’diaries and memoirs of the symposium,we can find that the“Introduction”of Mao Zedong’s original oral version of“Speech”actually put forward six issues for the participants to discuss instead of the five ones in the published versions.Its content is not limited to pure literary and artistic issues,but involves these issues in the political,military,and economic contexts of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the Yan’an Period.Moreover,the oral version shows the relaxed and harmonious on-site interactions with the participants.Although its“conclusion”is not as rigorous in language and tight in logic as in the published versions,it is quite lively and interesting,and has a strong sense of presence.The transformation of“Speech”from an oral one into a published text not only means the changes in language form and meaning,and changes in the historical scene,but also presents the dynamic development track of Mao Zedong’s literary and artistic thought.Examining the original oral version of“Speech”helps to present the historical live picture of Yan’an Literature and Art Symposium.