从防洪减灾到防洪治本:新中国成立初期长江治理方略的形成

From Flood Control to Permanent Control of Flood:the Formation of the Yangtze River Governance Strategy in the Early Days of the Founding of New China

中华人民共和国成立后,在“防止水患,兴修水利,以达到大量发展生产的目的”水利建设方针指导下,以荆江分洪工程为中心的治江工作迅速开展,减轻了荆江大堤防洪压力,为根治长江争取了宝贵时间。1954年长江流域发生特大洪水后,国家重新审视长江流域治理问题,把根治长江提到工作日程,积极编制长江流域规划。1959年《长江流域综合利用规划要点报告》的编制完成,标志着以三峡工程为主体的防洪治本方略的初步形成,由此开始了有计划、有步骤根治长江的伟大壮举。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,under the guidance of the water conservancy construction policy of“preventing flood and building water conservancy to achieve the purpose of mass development of production”,the river control work centered on the Jingjiang Flood Diversion Project was carried out rapidly,which reduced the flood control pressure of the Jingjiang levee and won valuable time for the permanent control of the Yangtze River.After the catastrophic flood in the Yangtze River Basin in 1954,the state re-examined the governance of the Yangtze River Basin,put the control of the Yangtze River on the work agenda,and actively prepared the Yangtze River Basin plan.The completion of the report on key points of comprehensive utilization planning of the Yangtze River Basin in 1959 marked the initial formation of the flood control strategy with the Three Gorges Project as the main body,and thus began the great feat of eradicating the Yangtze River flood in a planned and step-by-step way.