从《河岳英灵集》看殷璠“雅调”旨趣

Study on Yin Fan's Elegant Tone Literary Purport in Heyue Yingling Collection

《河岳英灵集》是诸多唐人选唐诗中最出色的一部,集中所标举的“兴象”“风骨”等选诗标准鲜明地反映了盛唐诗歌创作高峰期的审美标准。殷璠作为诗选家,自觉对盛唐诗歌进行了多角度的文体审视,集中多用“调”字品评,推崇“雅调”的诗学旨趣。概括来看,殷璠以“调”审美表现在:声律上,“既闲新声,复晓古体”,重五言古诗,也推重对仗精工的律句;格调上,承袭汉魏风骨,提倡兴象玲珑,力求“词与调合”,推崇清逸自然。这既是对初唐“以复古求新变”的延续,也是近体声律发展的必然趋势。“雅调”不仅是盛唐人殷璠诗学体系的重要部分,更在明清时期发展为中国古典诗学理论体系的核心概念之一。

Heyue Yingling Collection,the most outstanding one among Tang Poetry Anthologized by Tang People,proposed some criteria for selecting poems,such as"Xing Xiang"and"Feng Gu",clearly reflecting the aesthetic standards of the peak period of Tang poetry creation.Yin Fan,as a poetician,consciously examined the style of the Tang dynasty poems from multiple perspectives,focusing on"tone"and advocating the poetical purport of"elegant tone".Generally speaking,Yin Fan's aesthetic appreciation of"tone"demonstrates several characteristics:new tone and rhythm is combined with ancient style;emphasis is given to five-character poems,while the antithetic verses or lines are also advocated;the style of Han and Wei dynasties is inherited,and exquisite images are promoted,striving for the combination of characters and tone,and praising elegant nature.This is not only the continuation of"seeking innovation by restoring ancient ways"in the early Tang dynasty,but also the inevitable trend of the development of modern rhythm."Elegant tone"is an important part of Yin Fan's poetic system in the prime of Tang Dynasty.More importantly,it developed to be one of the core concepts of Chinese classical poetic theory system in Ming and Qing Dynasties.