预防刑法:辩证、依据与限度

Preventive Criminal Law:Dialectics,Basis,and Limits

对预防刑法的既有批判多存在值得商榷之处,仅凭借“适用量低”难以推导出条文缺乏现实规制效果,“刑法工具主义”忽略了刑法作为社会控制手段而天生具备的工具属性。在当前社会背景下,刑法没有必要也无法全面恪守扎根于古典社会形态的“最后手段性”原则。刑法及其基本原则的正当化依据均在于社会契约理论,在现代社会,纯粹的古典自由主义刑法已经难以为法益提供全面保障,民众会为了更为周全地保护自身重大法益,在现有的基础上再让渡出部分轻微法益,故在满足宪法比例原则及刑法罪刑法定原则的基础上,一定限度内的预防刑法完全能够得到民众的赞同,且符合时代发展之要求、保护法益之需求与社会国的基本原则。

Many criticisms of preventive criminal law are questionable.It is difficult to deduce the provisions only by virtue of“low application”,which lacks practical regulation effect.The principle of“criminal law as instrument”ignores the inherent instrumental attribute of criminal law as a means of social control.Under the current social background,criminal law is not necessary and cannot fully abide by the principle of“last resort”,which is rooted in the form of classical society.The justification of criminal law and its basic principles lies in the social contract theory.In modern society,it is difficult for pure classical liberal criminal law to provide comprehensive protection for legal interests,and people will concede some minor legal interests on top of the existing ones in order to protect their major legal interests more fully.Therefore,on the basis of meeting the principle of constitutional proportion and the principle of legally prescribed crime and punishment in criminal law,the preventive criminal law with a certain limit can be fully approved by the people,and meet the requirements of the development of the times,the needs of protecting legal interests and the basic principles of the social state.