清代士人游幕的文学意义——以乾嘉时期士人的游幕为考察对象

Literary Significance of Intellectuals’Touring Official Institution in Qing Dynasty:A Case Study of the Phenomenon in the Period of Qianlong and Jiaqing

清代幕府制度采用的是延聘制,与此前幕府采用的辟署制、命官制大为不同,这使担任幕僚成为有清一代士人的职业选择。幕游不仅使清代士人开阔了视野,产生了新的情感体验,而且幕游士人彼此之间以及与幕主之间等,可以交流文学经验。因此,游幕促成了他们文学风格的转变、创作水平的提高以及文学作品传播方式的多元化。幕游使士人对社会现实有极为深刻的认识,赋予了他们的作品深邃的思致、深切的艺术感染力,以及显著的社会意义。因此,游幕无论是对士人还是整个清代文学生态而言,具有极为重要的文学意义。

The invitation system was adopted by administrative office in the Qing Dynasty,which greatly differed from appointment system and application system.It made private assistant become a professional choice for intellectuals in the Qing Dynasty.Through this way,intellectuals in the Qing Dynasty not only broadened their horizon,gained new emotional experience,but also shared literary experience among them along with their employers.For this reason,being private assistants in varying official institutions encouraged intellectual’s transformation of literary style and the heightening of creative skills,and dissemination of their literary works.Experience from touring different official institutions deepened the intellectual’s understanding of social reality,enhanced the profoundness and artistic appeal of their works,as well as significant social meaning to their works.Therefore,the system of touring different official institutions had its literary significance to both the intellectuals and the overall literary ecology in the Qing Dynasty.