化学战剂洗消技术研究进展

Research progress on chemical warfare agents decontamination technology

化学战剂(Chemical Warfare Agents,CWAs)又称为化学毒剂,由于具有易合成、极强杀伤力、难降解以及毒性持久等特点,使其成为国际关注的焦点。不管是人员、装备亦或是自然环境,一旦接触到CWAs,必须第一时间进行洗护消毒处理。针对CWAs污染事故的快速洗消具有重要意义,同时洗消技术也是医学救援的核心内容,成为各国防护化学危害研究的重点。本论文系统概述了CWAs的种类、危害性以及洗消CWAs的必要性,回顾了常规的CWAs洗消研究现状以及有应用意义的解决方案和技术,并探讨了新型洗消技术的可行性与发展前景,分析了其优势和不足。

Chemical Warfare Agents(CWAs),also known as chemical poisons,have become the focus of international attention due to their easy synthesis,strong lethality,hard-to-degrade and long-lasting toxicity.Whether personnel,equipment or the environment,once contaminated by CWAs,they must be decontaminated immediately.Therefore,the rapid decontamination of CWAs attacks or pollution accidents is of great significance.At the same time,decontamination technology is also the core content of medical rescue,becoming the focus of research on protection against chemical hazards in various countries.This work systematically summarizes the types and hazards of chemical poisons and the necessity of decontaminating and digesting poisons,reviews the current status of conventional CWAs decontamination research as well as solutions and technologies with application significance,and discusses the feasibility of new decontamination technologies as well as development prospects,analyzing its strengths and weaknesses.