人地关系视域下农地闲置的形成机理及盘活——基于川东北F村的个案分析

The Formation Mechanism and Revitalization of Rural Cultivated Land Idle in the Perspective of Man-land Relationship——Based on the Case Analysis of F Village in Northeast Sichuan

耕地安全属于非传统安全范畴,农地闲置严重威胁着我国耕地安全,故研究耕地闲置问题具有重要现实意义,而人地生存依赖关系是理解农地闲置的重要视角。基于川东北F村的个案,对农地闲置特征、形成机理与盘活策略展开探讨,研究发现改革开放以来中国西部丘陵地区农地闲置整体上呈现出稀缺→增多→频现→缓解的演变特征。农地闲置特征演变主要囿于人地关系历经了靠地化、半靠地化、非靠地化及再半靠地化过程。靠地化使得村民高度依赖土地,农地闲置罕见;半靠地化使得村民对土地的依赖降低,农地闲置增多;非靠地化使得村民暂不依赖土地,农地闲置频现;再半靠地化使得村民对土地的依赖增加,农地闲置缓解。未来需要牢固树立科学合理利用耕地理念,除要求土地承包商适度保证流转耕地用于种植粮食作物外,还应针对难流转的农村闲置耕地适时启动再分配改革政策,运用政策优势激发靠地和半靠地化村民盘活农村难流转闲置耕地,充分释放土地红利。

Cultivated land security belongs to the category of non-traditional security.Idle farmland in rural areas is a serious threat to the security of farmland in China,so it is of great practical significance to carry out research on the issue of farmland idleness in rural areas.Based on the case of Village F in northeast Sichuan,this article discusses the idling characteristics,formation mechanism and revitalization strategies of rural cultivated land in the hilly areas of western China.The study found that since the reform and opening-up,the rural arable land in the hilly regions of western China has been scarce,increased,frequent,and alleviated,and the relationship between man and land is an important perspective to understand the rural arable land.The evolution of the characteristics of idle farmland in rural areas is mainly due to the fact that the relationship between people and land has gone through the process of land-dependent,semi land dependent,non land dependent and semi land dependent again.Land-dependent has made villagers highly dependent on land,and rural arable land is rarely idle.Semi land dependent has reduced the villagers’reliance on land and increased idle farmland in rural areas.Non land dependent makes villagers not dependent on land for the time being,and rural arable land is frequently idle.Semi land dependent again has increased the villagers’dependence on land,and the idle arable land in rural areas has been eased.In the future,it is necessary to firmly establish the concept of scientific and rational use of arable land,require land contractors to ensure that certain arable land is used for growing food crops,and maintain national food security.In addition,the redistribution reform policy should be initiated in a timely manner for the difficulty to transfer rural idle arable land,and the policy advantages should be used to stimulate land and semi-reliant villagers revitalize the unused arable land that is difficult to circulate in the countryside,and fully release the land dividend.