收入渴望、非农就业与脱贫户收入——以陕西省周至县为例

Income Aspiration,Non-agricultural Employment and Income of Poverty-alleviated Households——Taking Zhouzhi County in Shaanxi Province as an Example

在推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的时代背景下,精神贫困治理的重要性逐渐凸显。根据陕西省周至县807户脱贫户的调研数据,对精神贫困进行量化分析,构建了收入渴望、非农就业和脱贫户收入的理论框架,实证分析收入渴望对脱贫户收入的影响机制。结果表明:(1)收入渴望对脱贫户家庭总收入、工资收入以及其他类型收入之和都有显著的正向影响,其中对工资收入的影响最为显著。(2)收入渴望有利于提升以家庭劳动力投入为标准的非农就业水平,并间接影响家庭工资收入。(3)在中介机制中,由于调查对象的特殊性,脱贫户家庭人口结构特征对非农就业和工资收入的影响较户主特征表现得更加明显。基于以上研究结论,提出应激发目标人群收入渴望、创造劳动力升级环境、继续加大公共资源投入力度等政策建议。

In the context of promoting the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural vitalization,the importance of spiritual poverty management has become increasingly prominent.Based on the survey data of 807 poverty-stricken households in Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province,this paper makes a quantitative analysis of spiritual poverty,constructs the theoretical framework of income aspiration,non-agricultural employment and the income of poverty-stricken households,and empirically analyzes the influence mechanism of income aspiration on the income of the households who were used to be in absolute poverty.The results show that:(1)income aspiration has a significant positive impact on the total income,wage income and the sum of other types of income,among which the impact on wage income is the most significant.(2)Income aspiration is beneficial to increase the level of non-farm employment based on household labor input,and indirectly affects household wage income.(3)In the intermediary mechanism,due to the particularity of the respondents,the influence of the demographic structure characteristics of the sample households on non-agricultural employment and wage income is more obvious than that of the head of household.Finally,based on the research results,some policy suggestions were put forward,such as stimulating the income desire of the target group,creating the environment for labor upgrading,and continuing to increase the inclination of public resources.