家庭农场贷款难的成因与对策——基于法经济学视角的分析

The Cause Analysis and Path Choice of Family Farm Loan Difficulty——Based on Analysis From the Perspective of Economic Law

家庭农场是乡村振兴过程中实现农业现代化的重要载体。因我国农业生产自然风险和经营风险高、基础薄弱、传统银行贷款额度小且利息高,家庭农场在发展中普遍面临融资难、融资贵、融资慢的困扰。从分析家庭农场现状出发,以交易成本、生命周期、供求视角分析家庭农场贷款难的原因,在参考美国、日本、德国、法国等家庭农场法律制度的基础上,提出要加大政策性信贷对新型、小型家庭农场的扶持力度,规范合作社信用贷款,完善农业抵押担保措施和商业信贷配套措施,形成层次分明的信贷体系,降低家庭农场信贷的交易费用,从制度上破解家庭农场贷款难题。

Family farm is the carrier of rural revitalization and agricultural modernization.However,the natural risk of agricultural production is high,the foundation is weak,and the traditional bank loan is small and the interest is high.In the process of development,family farms are generally faced with difficulties in financing,expensive financing and slow financing.In this paper,starting from the present situation of the family farm,with transaction costs,life cycle,the perspective of supply and demand,the author analyzes the reasons of the difficulties for family farm loans,in reference to the United States,Japan,Germany,France and other countries on the basis of the legal system of the family farm,and suggests to make credit and loans more accessible to policy support for new,small family farms,regulate the credit cooperatives,improve agricultural mortgage guarantee measures and commercial credit supporting measures,form a distinct credit system and reduce the transaction costs of family farm credit,so as to solve the problem of family farm loan from the system.