机床与机器人旋转超声铣边对比试验研究

Comparative experimental research on rotary ultrasonic edge trimming of machine tool and robot

针对弱刚度环境下碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced composite material,CFRP)铣边因颤振导致的刀具损伤严重和铣边质量低下问题,开展了机床与机器人有无超声铣边试验研究。分析了超声振动对不同加工方式下铣削力波动的影响规律,开展了机床与机器人刀具损伤的对比试验,分析两种铣边方式下超声能量摄入后对刀具损伤的改善效果,对比分析机床与机器人铣边样件的表面质量。结果表明:机器人的铣削力波动性相比机床增大了57%,导致刀具损伤严重和铣边质量降低。超声振动的引入使得两者之间的加工差异性得到显著减小,对于机器人而言,超声振动作用下刀具损伤减轻35.23%,表面粗糙度降低23.77%。

According to the problem that the chatter vibration easily causes much damage and low surface quality in the edge trimming process of weak stiffness robots,this paper does experiment with or without ultrasonic edge trimming of carbon fiber reinforced composites(CFRP)based on machine tools and robots.The influence mechanism of ultrasonic vibration on milling force fluctuations under different processing methods is expounded.Comparative experiments on the tool wear of the machine tool and the robot are carried out,and the effects of two milling methods after ultrasonic energy intake on tool wear are analyzed.The surface quality of CFRP sample pieces after the machine tool and robot edge trimming is investigated.The results show that the milling force fluctuation of the robot increases by 57%than the machine tool,which results in severe tool wear and reduces edge trimming quality.The difference between machine tools and robot edge trimming has been reduced through ultrasonic vibration.Compared with the robot ordinary edge trimming,the tool wear is reduced by 35.23%and the surface roughness is reduced by 23.77%after the robot ultrasonic edge trimming.