楚式琴造型中的崇龙文化探析——以曾侯乙十弦琴为例

Dragon Worship and Cultural Implication in the Form Design of Ten-stringed Qin in Zenghou Yi Tomb in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

我国出土的先秦时期的琴皆发现于古代曾国和楚国墓葬,被称为"楚式琴",所有十弦琴的造型都有龙的造型特征。本文从这一现象出发,通过对文献分析和出土文物分析,厘清从中原文化到楚文化崇龙的历史渊薮,分析曾侯乙十弦琴龙造型的文化内涵和功能指向,以此论证十弦琴以夔龙为造型,其作用是统治阶级用于巩固统治,引导思想、道德及文化倾向的礼教工具。

Revering the phoenix was one of the important characteristics of Chu culture in the Pre-Qin Period.Especially since the 1960s,the widespread belief that"Chu people revered the phoenix"reinforced by academic research and related works has intentionally or unintentionally obscured the fact that Chu people also revered the dragon.However,the shape design of qin,represented by the unearthed ten-stringed qin of Marquis Yi of Zeng,as well as the dragon patterns on and 3D dragon shapes of the large number of unearthed Chu cultural relics,are clear evidence of the Chu people’s worship of the dragon in the Pre-Qin Period.With the ten-stringed qin of Marquis Yi of Zeng from the early period of State of Chu as a case study,this paper is an effort to analyse the shape characteristics of these qin instruments,to trace their cultural connotations and intended functions,to call attention to the typical dragon worship phenomenon among Chu people,and to explore Chu people’s totemism,political beliefs and cultural customs.