碳中和目标下退役电池筛选聚类关键技术研究

Key Technology of Retired Batteries'Screening and Clustering Under Target of Carbon Neutrality

随着“30·60碳达峰-碳中和”战略的提出,新能源逐步成为主力电源。储能技术作为平抑新能源波动、提升消纳能力的主要途径备受关注,但受经济性制约使其难以实现规模化推广。而退役动力电池梯次利用产业链逐步延伸,全寿命周期覆盖利用,有望成为破解这一困境的有效手段。依据现有的新能源汽车的保有量,每年至少有约30万t退役的动力电池需要处理。合理的筛选聚类是快速消纳大规模退役动力电池的有效手段,但电池种类不同、状态多样、工业化筛选方法缺失,不同应用场景下的筛选方法有待研究。首先梳理了双碳目标下的退役电池梯次利用的政策部署,并就典型梯次示范工程功能进行分析。其次,对面向退役动力电池的聚类算法以及评价方法进行了比较分析,明确了其优缺点、适用范围及评价指标;然后,建立了退役电池场景适用性评价体系,分析提高退役电池筛选的场景匹配度的方法;最后结合我国双碳战略目标对退役电池的筛选应用进行总结。

As the Chinese government put forward the strategy of peaking its carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving its carbon neutrality before 2060,the renewable energies have gradually become the main power supply.Energy storage technology,as the major means to suppress the energy fluctuations and improve the absorption capacities,has attracted much attention.However,owing to the economic constraints,it is difficult for the renewable energy to achieve a large scale of promotion.Due to the extension of the industrial chain and the utilization of the full period of their life span,it is expected to be an effective means for the retired power batteries to solve this dilemma.According to the holdings of the new energy vehicles,about 300000 tons of retired power batteries need proper disposition every year.Reasonable screening and clustering is the effective means to quickly absorb the large-scale retired power batteries.However,with different battery types,various battery states and no industrial sorting methods at present,it needs to study on the sorting methods under different application scenarios.In this paper,the policy deployment of the retired battery cascading utilization under the dual-carbon target is firstly reviewed,and the functions of the typical cascading demonstration projects are analyzed.Secondly,the clustering algorithms and evaluation methods for retired power batteries are compared and analyzed,and their advantages and disadvantages,the ranges of application,and the assessment criteria are clarified.Then,an evaluation system for the scenarios applicable for the retired batteries is established,and the methods to improve the matching degree of scenarios for sorting the retired batteries are analyzed.Finally,the application of retired battery selection is summarized based on the dual-carbon strategic objectives in China.