孟子“《诗》亡而《春秋》作”说的文学史意义--论杜诗“诗史”说的思想渊源及其生成的学术逻辑

The Literary Historical Significance of Mencius'"When the Function of the Book of Poetry Has Discontinued,History Books like Spring and Autumn Annals Made Their Start"--A Discussion about the Ideological Origin and Academic Logic of Du Fu's Poetic History Theory

孟子提出“《诗》亡而《春秋》作”,无论是从对社会事实的记载还是思想的建构角度看,《春秋》被认为是《诗》的延续,意在强调二者所承担的政治功能。孟启在《本事诗》中赞誉杜诗具有“诗史”的品质,这种解读无疑反映了《春秋》学以及儒家文学思想在中晚唐的复兴。他能够从诗史关系角度认识杜诗,除了时过境迁这个基础条件,也受中唐《春秋》学及史学兴盛的影响。此外,世殊时异,政治激发了文学的反省与革新,《新唐书·杜甫传赞》将“诗史”概念与“文章合为时而著,歌诗合为事而作”结合起来,赋予了杜诗“诗史”新的内涵。从孟启提出“诗史”概念到《新唐书》重新解读并最终确立“诗史”概念,“诗史”说是对“《诗》亡而《春秋》作”这一古老政教文学传统的复兴。

Mencius has put forward that"When the function of the Book of Poetry has discontinued,history books like Spring and Autumn Annals made their start".Spring and Autumn Annals was regarded as the continuation of the Book of Poetry,whether from the perspective of recording social facts or ideological construction,which is intended to emphasize the political functions of this two works.Meng Qi praised Du Fu's poems as having the quality of"poetic history"in his Benshi Poetry.This interpretation undoubtedly reflects the revival of the study of Chunqiu and Confucian literary during in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.He was able to understand Du Fu's poetry from the perspective of the relationship between poetry and history.In addition to the basic conditions of the change of times,he was also influenced by the prosperity of Chunqiu study and historiography in the middle Tang Dynasty.Besides,politics stimulated the reflection and innovation of literature in different times.The Biography of Du Fu in the New Book of Tang combined the concept of"poetry history"with"articles should reflect the times and poems should describe current events",giving Du Fu’s"history of poetry"a new connotation.From the concept of"poetry history"proposed by Meng Qi to the reinterpretation of New Book of Tang,and the final establishment of the concept of"poetry history",the theory of"poetry history"is the revival of the ancient political and educational literature tradition of"When the function of the Book of Poetry has discontinued,history books like Chunqiu made their start".