中国与国际投资规则制定中的法律话语权

China’s Legal Discourse Power in the International Law-Making on Investment

20世纪60、70年代,发展中国家利用联合国平台努力推动建立国际投资新秩序,并在与发达国家间的激烈话语权争夺中取得重要的成果。作为应对,发达国家随后转向从双边、区域途径以及在多边贸易体制进行国际投资造法,从而确立了发达国家的话语权优势。晚近,发达国家和发展中国家对于变革国际投资法律秩序有了更多的共识。两类国家间的话语权竞争主要不是方向性的,而是技术性的;话语权竞争少了对抗性,而多了合作性。作为主要的发展中国家,中国始终是主要资本输出大国寻求缔结投资条约的重要对象。随着中国成为最重要的资本输入国和主要的资本输出国,提高在国际投资法律秩序中的话语权对于中国具有深远的影响。作为主要发展中国家,中国首先拥有抵制发达国家话语霸权的实力。中国坚持站在发展中国家的立场以及兼具资本输入国与资本输出国的两重身份,客观上有利于中国提高在国际投资法律秩序中的法律话语权。随着中国明确确立提高在国际法律事务中的话语权的战略,中国在投资条约谈判以及国际投资法律秩序变革讨论中更加主动作为,有意识地从平台、议程以及方法上寻求更有效地提高中国的法律话语权。

Developing states,through struggling with developed states within the UN framework,made considerable progress in seeking new international legal order on investment in the 1960s and 1970s.In response,the developed world turned to bilateral and regional forums and to multilateral trade system,thereby seizing the dominant role in the rules-making on investment.More recently,what developing states and developed states differ over international investment law are mainly technical rather than directional.There have been more cooperation and less confrontation in the competition for legal discourse power between the two sides.As a major developing state,China has always been a potential treaty partner of all major capital exporting states.China,as it has become a newly major investment source state in addition to investment destination,has growing interests in increasing the normative role in the international legal order on investment.First of all,China is powerful enough to resist the developed states’hegemony of discourse.That China always sides with developing states as a whole and that is a major state in terms of both investment source and destination are helpful to enhance China’s legal discourse power on the international investment.China,as this country has recently established the legal strategy of enhancing the role in international legal order,has been more aggressive in the negotiations of new investment treaties and the deliberations on the reforming of international legal order on investment,seeking to enhance China’s legal discourse power in terms of forums,agendas and methodology.