协商民主与政治发展

Deliberative Democracy and Political Development

本文对比了中西语境中协商民主出现的理论动力和历史条件,来说明协商在不同制度中可能承担的不同功能。不同于西方背景下为了弥补聚合式民主存在的问题而产生的纠偏机制,协商在中国的出现是为了回应政治发展在不同阶段的功能性需求。自全球范围内的殖民统治时期开始,到中国获得独立并过渡为现代国家,协商在制度安排和政治话语中的内涵不断发生着变化,并呈现为谈判、咨询、治理机制三种样态。它与民主之间的联系,也并非一开始就存在,而是在发展过程中被逐渐建立起来的。

This study compares the theoretical impetus and historical conditions of the emergence of deliberative democracy in China and the West in order to explain the potential functions of deliberation in different institutions. Comparatively to its western counterpart, which complements existing aggregative democratic systems, deliberation in China is introduced to respond to the needs of political development. From colonial times to China’s independence and modernization, the political connotation of deliberation has changed at different stages, presenting itself in three formats: negotiation, consultation, and governance mechanism. Deliberation was not developed within democratic theories in China, but was gradually connected with democracy.