安全带对航空座椅及乘员冲击响应的影响

Impact of seatbelts on impact characteristics of aviation seats and occupants

以典型三联旅客座椅为研究对象,建立了经试验验证的航空座椅有限元模型,研究了安全带固定点位置、安全带刚度和安全带形式等参数的变化对座椅系统动态响应的影响。在水平冲击下,安全带固定点位置对乘员运动轨迹和椅腿受载的影响显著,后左椅腿和前左椅腿Z向受载均随着安全带角度的增加而减小。安全带固定点位置对安全带载荷的影响较小。安全带刚度对乘员运动轨迹、安全带载荷和椅腿载荷的影响均显著。随安全带刚度增大,其自身承受的载荷增加,乘员前移距离和椅腿受载均减小;此外,与两点式安全带相比,Y型安全带对乘员的约束效果更好,可减小头部X向峰值位移63 mm,头排座椅中可以考虑安装Y型安全带以减少座椅与隔板的安装距离。

A finite element model for the aviation seat/seat belt is established and validated based on typical triple passenger seats,and the influence of seat belt parameters such as seat belt anchor position,seat belt stiffness and seat belt type on the dynamic response of the seat system is invistigated.Under horizontal impact loading,the position of belt’s anchor has significant effect on the occupant’s motion trajectory and loads on seat legs.The load on the rear left leg and front left leg in the Z direction decreases with the increase of the seat belt angle.Meanwhile,the position of the belt’s anchor has small influence on the seat belt load.Seat belt stiffness has significant effect on the occupant’s motion trajectory,seat belt load and seat leg load.As the stiffness increases,the seat belt load increases,while the occupant's forward movements and seat leg load decrease.Besides,compared with the two-point seat belt,the Y-belt restraint the occupant better,and can reduce the maximum displacement of the head by 63 mm in the X direction.Y-belts can be installed in the front seats to decrease the front row seat setback distance.