支气管哮喘患者疾病认知状况调查及控制水平的影响因素分析

Investigation on Disease Cognition Status and Influencing Factors of Control Level in Patients With Bronchial Asthma

目的:调查支气管哮喘患者疾病认知状况,并分析控制水平的影响因素。方法:选取2018年7月~2020年7月期间贵州医科大学附属医院诊治的支气管哮喘患者100例,采用面对面问卷调查的方式调查所有患者疾病认知状况。采用哮喘控制测试(ACT)对患者哮喘控制水平进行评估。根据ACT结果将患者分为哮喘未控制组(n=57)和哮喘控制组(n=43)。分析哮喘控制水平的影响因素。结果:支气管哮喘患者对疾病认知相关问题的回答正确率均在60%以上,但仅有12%的患者使用过峰流速仪。本研究中100例患者均完成ACT,其中完全控制17例,控制良好26例,未控制57例,分别占比17.00%、26.00%、57.00%,哮喘控制率为43.00%。由单因素分析显示,支气管哮喘患者的哮喘控制水平与性别、家庭月收入、文化程度、家族史、吸烟史、居住处是否空气污染、病程、哮喘用药依从性、使用吸入性糖皮质激素治疗、抑郁情况、焦虑情况有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:焦虑情况、抑郁情况、居住处空气污染、吸烟史是支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制水平的危险因素,而哮喘用药依从性、使用吸入性糖皮质激素治疗是支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制水平的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:支气管哮喘患者对疾病有一定的正确认知,但仍未达到理想状态。哮喘控制水平受多种因素影响,可根据相关影响因素做出针对性的干预措施,以改善支气管哮喘控制水平。

Objective:To investigate the disease cognitive status of patients with bronchial asthma,and to analyze the influencing factors of control level.Methods:100 cases of outpatients in respiratory department of Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from July 2018 to July 2020 were selected,and face-to-face questionnaire was used to investigate the cognitive status of all patients.Asthma control test(ACT)was used to evaluate the control level of patients.According to the ACT results,the patients were divided into uncontrolled asthma group(n=57)and asthma control group(n=43),the influencing factors of asthma control level were analyzed.Results:The correct answer rate of patients with bronchial asthma to disease cognition related questions was above 60%,but only 12%of patients had used peak velocity meter.All the 100 patients in this study completed ACT,including 17 cases of complete control,26 cases of good control,and 57 cases of uncontrolled,accounting for 17.00%,26.00%and 57.00%respectively,the asthma control rate was 43.00%.The results of univariate analysis showed that the control level of patients with bronchial asthma were related to gender,education level,family monthly income,family history,smoking history,air pollution in living place,disease course,medication compliance of asthma,use of inhaled corticosteroids treatment,depression and anxiety(P<0.05).The results of Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that air pollution,depression,anxiety and smoking history were risk factors of control level of patients with bronchial asthma,while medication compliance of asthma and use of inhaled corticosteroids treatment were protective factors of control level of patients with bronchial asthma(P<0.05).Conclusion:The patients with bronchial asthma have a certain correct understanding of the disease,but still have not reached the ideal state.The control level of asthma is affected by many factors,and targeted intervention measures can be made according to relevant factors to improve the control level of bronchial asthma.