美国大学教师教学发展项目的评估研究

Research on the Assessment of Faculty Teaching Development Projects in America

20世纪70年代中期迄今,美国研究者就诸多教师教学发展项目进行了大量评估。在评估内容上,基于不同目的,以及评估活动的各不相同,评估对象以教师与学生为主,对管理者的评估日益受到关注;在评估方法上,多采用严谨的对照实验与前后测实验设计,使用问卷、观察、访谈以及混合方法等实证研究方法,戏剧表演、学习评估工具等也是常用评估方法;在评估效果上,很多项目不仅改善了教师教学,也促进了学生学习。其项目评估可以给我国以借鉴:扩展项目评估对象,丰富项目评估活动;加强实证研究设计,提高评估的科学性;重视形成性评估,确保评估的连贯性。

Since the mid-1970s,American researchers have conducted extensive assessment on faculty teaching development projects in many universities. In terms of the assessment content,the researchers assess different project activities for different purposes. The assessment of the faculty and students is more common while the assessment of administrators is also increasing. In terms of the assessment method,the researchers usually use rigorous control experiments as well as pre-test and post-test experiments. Empirical research methods such as questionnaires,interviews,observation and mixed method are often used. Theatre program and learning assessment tools are also commonly used assessment methods. In terms of evaluation effect,the projects improve both faculty’s teaching and students’ learning. The project assessment in America can be used for reference in China:to expand the objects and enrich the activities of project assessment;to strengthen empirical research design and improve the science of assessment;to attach importance to formative assessment and ensure consistency of project assessment.