直辖市“双一流”高校专利合作与知识流动研究

Research on Patent Cooperation & Knowledge Diffusion of “Double First Class” Universities in Municipalities of China

考察我国直辖市"双一流"高校的专利合作网络演化,为提升直辖市的科技创新合作效率,提升科技创新能力和城市创新综合竞争力,为技术创新主体选择技术合作伙伴、探究地区间、高校间知识流动提供经验、启示。本文运用合作强度Salton指数、专利引用、绝对合作频次等,以Patentics和国家知识产权局专利数据库为工具,获取直辖市"双一流"高校合作专利数据,构建高校间的专利合作矩阵,采用合作网络可视化分析,梳理直辖市"双一流"高校专利合作网络,揭示网络环境下高校科技创新和知识流动的特征及趋势,给出提升高校专利合作的建议。结果表明:直辖市"双一流"高校校际专利合作的强同城倾向,清华大学、北京大学、复旦大学是京沪两地的专利合作核心高校。清华大学、上海交通大学、天津大学专利申请量居前三,清华大学、上海交通大学的专利被引量居前,清华大学、上海交通大学、天津大学为专利合作的核心高校,对知识流动影响深刻。不足之处在于专利只能部分反映高校间的技术创新合作,合作申请只是技术合作的一部分,还包括科技论文合作和成果转化。

Investigating the evolution of the patent cooperation network of "Double First Class" universities in municipalities, and it will enhance the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation cooperation in municipalities, enhance the capacity of scientific and technological innovation and the comprehensive competitiveness of urban innovation, and provide experience and enlightenment for the main body of technological innovation to select technology partners, explore the flow of knowledge between regions and universities. In this paper, based on the patent data of 15 "Double First Class" universities in municipalities, using Patentics and the patent database of CNIPA to obtain the patents cooperation data of "Double First Class" universities in municipalities, construct a patent cooperation matrix between universities, select the patent inter-universities absolute cooperation frequency, the cooperation intensity Salton index, patent citations among these universities, as scientometrics indicators and using the cooperative network visualization analysis technology, to explore the patent cooperation in universities,reveal the characteristics and trends of scientific and technological innovation and knowledge diffusion in universities under the network environment, and the suggestions for improving patent cooperation were given at last. The results show that: "Double First Class" universities in municipalities have strong city tendency of inter-university patent cooperation, Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University are the core universities of patent cooperation between Beijing and Shanghai. Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tianjin University have the top three patent applications, Tsinghua University and Shanghai Jiaotong University are the two universities, who have the most cited patents, as the core of patent cooperation, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tianjin University, impacts knowledge diffusion profoundly. Patent data can only partially reflect technological innovation cooperation between universities, cooperation applications are only part of technical cooperation, it also includes scientific and technological paper cooperation and transformation.