论我国警察使用武力的宪法规制

On Constitutional Regulation on the Use of Force by Police in China

警察使用武力是一项重大而特殊的国家公共权力,影响公民生命权等基本权利,理应受到宪法的规制,但警察使用武力的宪法规制问题却被普遍忽视,极少得到关注和研究。警察使用武力的宪法规制是警察使用武力法律制度的顶层设计,具有制约警察武力使用权和保障公民生命权的双重作用。警察使用武力的核心内容应当作为宪法保留事项,由宪法加以规制。世界上多个国家的宪法对于执法人员使用武力作出了直接、明确的规定,对我国具有借鉴意义。我国宪法规制警察使用武力的理想模式是:宪法在确认公民生命权并规定保障生命权的同时,将警察使用武力作为保障公民生命权的一项例外情形,并且明确设定使用武力的原则和情形。

The use of force by police is a major and special public power of the country. It affects the fundamental rights such as the right to life of citizens,and should be regulated by the Constitution. However,the issue of the constitutional regulation on the use of force by police has been generally ignored and has received little attention and research. The constitutional regulation on the use of force by police is the top-level design of the police use of force legal system,which has dual functions of restricting the police power of using force and preserving the right to life of citizens. The core content of the police use of force legal system,as a matter of constitutional reservation,should be regulated by the Constitution. The constitutions of many countries in the world have made direct and clear provisions on the use of force by law enforcement personnel, which can be used as a reference for our country. The ideal model to regulate the use of force by police in China is that the Constitution,while recognizing the right to life of citizens and preserving the right to life,makes the use of force by police an exception to the preservation of the right to life of citizens,and clearly establishes the principles and circumstances of the use of force by police.