伊宁县5个主栽杏品种雌蕊败育调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Pistil Abortion of Five Main Apricot Cultivars in Yining County

为了探索影响伊宁县杏树雌蕊败育的因素,本研究调查了伊宁县5个主栽杏品种不同部位和不同类型果枝花雌蕊败育情况。结果表明:伊宁县5个主栽杏品种雌蕊败育类型分布存在差异,丰园红杏和银香白雌蕊完全败育(♀=0)的花类型比例突出,大白杏雌蕊明显高于雄蕊(♀>♂)的花类型比例突出;不同类型果枝花雌蕊败育情况存在差异,树上干杏、珍珠油杏和大白杏3个杏品种花雌蕊败育率呈现长果枝>中果枝>短果枝的规律;5个主栽杏品种雌蕊败育率为7.69%~89.94%,其中银香白雌蕊败育率最高、树上干杏雌蕊败育率最低,5个主栽杏品种雌蕊败育率差异显著。综合分析,品种对杏花雌蕊败育率的影响较大,部位和果枝类型对杏花败育率影响较小。

In order to explore the factors affecting the pistil abortion of apricot in Yining County,this study investigated the pistil abortion of flowers in different parts and different types of fruit branches of 5 main apricot cultivars in Yining County.The results showed that the distribution of pistil abortion types of the 5 main apricot cultivars in Yining County was different.The proportion of flower types with pistils complete abortion(♀=0)of Fengyuanhong and Yinxiangbai was prominent,the proportion of flower types with pistils significantly higher than stamens(♀>♂)of Dabaixing was prominent.There were differences in pistil abortion among different types of fruit branches.The pistil abortion rate of3 apricot cultivars(Shushangan,Zhenzhuyou and Dabaixing)showed the rule:long fruit branch>medium fruit branch>short fruit branch.The pistil abortion rate of 5 main apricot cultivars was 7.69%-89.94%.The pistil abortion rate of Yinxiangbai was the highest,and that of Shushanggan was the lowest.There was significant difference in pistil abortion rate among 5 main apricot cultivars.Comprehensive analysis showed that cultivars had a greater effect on pistil abortion rate of apricot,the parts and fruit branch types had less effect.