同情的伦理价值及其教育境遇

The Ethical Value of Sympathy and Its Educational Circumstance

同情在道德情感中居于核心位置。同情是由他人痛苦引发的痛苦体验,包含认知与行为成分。同情与恻隐、怜悯、共情等"临近情感"既相通又相异。我们日常所说的同情是"事后同情",而仁慈则是"事前同情",同情与仁慈是一体两面的。同情是人与人之间最深沉伦理关系的体现,是"母道德情感"和"道德金律"之根。从应然看,同情是教育的灵魂,但从现实来看,同情在教育中有被"流放"之势。没有同情的教育之树,其实是没有生命的"塑料树"。唤醒同情,不仅是为了同情教育,也是为了找回教育的生命与灵性。

Sympathy possesses a central place in moral emotions.Sympathy is a painful experience triggered by the suffering of others and contains both cognitive and behavioral components.Sympathy is not only interlinked with but also different from proximate emotions,such as compassion,pity,and empathy.What we call sympathy every day is post-sympathy,while kindness is pre-sympathy,and sympathy and kindness are two sides of one.Sympathy is the embodiment of the deepest ethical relationship between human beings,and is the root of maternal moral emotion and the moral golden rule.In the view of ought-to-be,sympathy is the soul of education.But in reality,sympathy has been“exiled”from education.The tree of education without sympathy is actually a barren“plastic tree”.The purpose of awakening sympathy is not only for sympathetic education,but also to restore the life and spirituality of education.