“但是”话语标记化的句法-语用界面研究

On Discourse Marker “Danshi(但是)”:A Syntax-pragmatics Interface Study

话语标记语“但是”是汉语表达中常见的话语成分。历时语料数据分析显示,连词“但是”的话语标记属性的强化和功能泛化过程,离不开它在句法结构中搭配模式的变化、话语表达中语用功能的衍生。“但是”在白话文中的高频使用,直接导致其逻辑真值语义逐渐弱化和句法辖域的不断拓展,以及随之而来的自身对前后命题焦点管制能力的弱化。“但是”的话语标记化过程,充分体现出连词在语言主观性的作用下,逐渐从行域的逻辑衔接功能拓展到言域的情感态度表达功能,原句法层面的语义聚焦也在隐喻作用下逐渐跨域迁移为语用聚焦。

Discourse marker“danshi(但是)”is a common discourse constituent in Chinese.It is revealed in the diachronic corpus data that the intensification of the attributes of the connective“danshi(但是)”as a discourse marker as well as the enrichment of its pragmatic functions attribute a lot to the changes of syntactic model and the derivation of its pragmatic function.The high-frequency of“danshi(但是)”in vernacular chinese results in the gradual weakening of its truth value,and the broadening of the syntactic scope of“danshi(但是)”,and the weakening of the power to govern the semantic focus of the propositions before or after“danshi(但是)”.Under the influence of language subjectivity,the function of“danshi(但是)”has gradually been expanded from the logic cohesion in the behavior domain to the expression of modality in the domain of speech act,and meanwhile,the contrast of focus has also gradually been shifted from the syntactic level to the pragmatic level with the help of metaphorization.