西部地区居民的生活垃圾分类参与意愿分析

Analysis on MSW Classification Participation Willingness of Residents in the Western China

为了解西部地区居民的垃圾分类参与意愿,以学生为调查对象,回收青海和贵州两地的有效问卷302份,分析居民参与垃圾分类的意愿及影响因素。结果表明:受访者样本可总体反映当地居民的社会特征。58%的受访者的垃圾产生量低于0.5 kg/d,与西部地区整体水平相当。生活垃圾的主要组分为厨余、纸张、塑料和灰尘,能源利用和再生回收潜力大。环境卫生满意度为72%,垃圾分类紧迫性相对较低。78%的受访者愿意参与分类,86%的受访者支持"政府主导,居民参与"模式,强制分类(72%)、湿垃圾破袋投放(68%)和定时定点投放(61%) 3项措施的接受程度较高。便利程度低、设施不完善、宣传力度不足、缺乏社会氛围是阻碍居民实施垃圾分类的主要因素。与东部地区相比,西部地区的人均垃圾产率较低,环境卫生满意度较高,居民垃圾分类参与意愿较低,提升空间较大。在管理措施的选择倾向方面,青海、贵州受访者分别相对倾向于选择"强制惩罚"和"督导员指导"。鉴于两地样本的参与意愿和相关认知情况差异,建议两地在采取多样化的组合管理模式下,分别注重加强强制型和引导型措施。

To understand the participation willingness of residents on MSW classification in the western China,302 valid questionnaires from students were collected to analyze the residents’ participation in MSW classification and influencing factors in Qinghai and Guizhou. The results showed that the sample of interviewees could generally reflect the social characteristics of local residents. 58% of the interviewees had a waste output less than 0.5 kg/d,which was equivalent to the overall level of the western region. The main components of MSW were kitchen waste,paper,plastic and dust,which had great potential for energy utilization,regeneration and recycling. The satisfaction of environmental sanitation was 72%,and the urgency of MSW classification was relatively low. 78% of interviewees were willing to participate in the classification,86% of respondents supported the“government-led,residents involved”model. The acceptability of three measures of compulsory classification(72%),disposal of wet waste in broken bags(68%)and timing fixed point placed(61%)were high. Low convenience,imperfect facilities,insufficient publicity,and lack of social atmosphere were the main factors that hindered residents from implementing MSW classification. Compared with the eastern region,the western region had a lower per capita waste output,higher satisfaction with environmental sanitation,lower willingness to participate in waste classification and a large space for improvement. In terms of the choice tendency of management measures,interviewees from Qinghai and Guizhou were relatively inclined to choose“compulsory punishment”and“supervisor guidance”,respectively. Based on the differences in the willingness to participate and related cognition situations between the two samples,it was recommended that under diversified portfolio management models,the two places should focus on strengthening compulsory and guiding measures respectively.