城市生活垃圾分类问题与对策分析——以南宁市为例

Analysis on the Problems and Countermeasures of MSW Classification :A Case Study on Nanning City

自2017年实施生活垃圾强制分类以来,生活垃圾分类工作全面铺开,全国生活垃圾分类46个重点城市已逐步建成生活垃圾分类投放、收集、运输、处理体系,生活垃圾回收利用率得到大幅提升。南宁市作为重点城市之一,已配置四分类运输车2 387辆,具备1 120 t/d的厨余垃圾、3 135 t/d的其他垃圾处理能力,可回收物日分拣能力达2 500 t,有害垃圾日贮存能力530 t。2020年9月起,南宁市生活垃圾回收利用率达35%以上。以南宁市为例,综合分析城市生活垃圾分类组织机构、顶层设计、氛围营造、示范引领、体系搭建、监督考核等方面的主要做法。总结在宣传教育、分类实效、分类处理、循环利用、制度配套上取得的成效,并就充分发挥垃圾分类示范带头作用、增强宣传引导覆盖面和辐射力、完善生活垃圾分类处理政策体系、健全投收运处全流程体系等因素,提出城市生活垃圾分类向纵深发展的对策建议。

Since the implementation of mandatory MSW classification in 2017,the work of MSW classification has been fully carried out. The system of sorting,collection,transporting and treatment in MSW classification have gradually established in the nationwide 46 key cities. The recycling utilization rate of MSW has been improved greatly. Nanning City,as one of the key cities,has been equipped with 2 387 transporters with four classifications,which has the processing capacity of 1 120 t/d kitchen waste and 3 135 t/d other waste,the daily sorting capacity of recyclables was 2 500 tons,and the storage capacity of hazardous waste was 530 tons. Nanning City MSW recycling utilization rate has reached more than 35% since September 2020. The Nanning City was taken as an example,the main practices of MSW classification organization,top-level design,atmosphere creation,demonstration and guidance,system construction,supervision and assessment,etc were comprehensively analyzed. The obtained achievement in propaganda and education,classified effect,classified treatment,recycling,system matching were summarized. Countermeasures and suggestions for the depth development of MSW classification were put forward by giving full play to the leading role of MSW classification demonstration,strengthening the coverage and radiation of publicity and guidance,perfecting the policy system of MSW classification and treatment,and perfecting the whole process system of the collection,transportation and treatment.